Çö´ë µµ¿¹ÀÇ ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®ÁòÀû °æÇâ ¿¬±¸ : <¹Ì±¹ Çö´ë µµ¿¹>¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î
study on minimalism trend in modern ceramic arts :
focused on modern ceramic
arts of America
È«ÀÍ´ëÇб³ ´ëÇпø µµ¿¹°ú
¾È¹Î¼º
Minimalism in the world of art came into being in the process of pursuing the
reality in the modern artistic trend which was being transformed into
post-modernism or abstractionism mainly represented by cubism.
In this
regard, minimalism defined the accomplishing artistic world existing between the
nature of things and the art as true reality, and sought for such reality from
two points of view. One viewpoint is to approach the matter in terms of the
contents of an art work itself that imply the material, form, working method,
etc, and the other is to focus on the communication of the work with its
audience.
In the minimalist art, a world of art was composed of the minimum
elements that produce a phenomenon, and an effort was made to find out the least
media as a means of reaching the accomplishing world of art. The search in that
direction produced monochrome canvases, a large steel plate showing the nature
of the material as it is, or pieces of wood. It was believed that a true reality
could be captured in this artistic world where artist's working was limited to a
minimum, causing the least discrepancy between the art piece and the
reality.
On the other hand, as minimalism lies chronologically between the
conceptual art and pop art, it aimed at achieving reality by inducing voluntary
interaction between an art and its audience, going beyond the work itself. This
was a part of the efforts to create the value of independent existence for the
work by having the audience take part in the work rather than conveying what the
artist wanted to suggest as beautiful to the audience. Such pursuits made by the
minimal artists served as the primary motivation that made use of repition of
plain patters, geometric forms, and single colors which reject empathy,
environment inducing the encounter with the audience, physical properties of
materials, etc.
The minimal art has not taken its root as an independent
artistic trend due to the criticism that minimal works of today and those by
earlier minimalists cannot be seen in the same context. The minimal artists,
however, were agreed on giving up traditional self-__EXPRESSION__ or granting
meaning to their works. Thus they posed a question about the art as a system; it
was a challenge to the traditional concept of paintings and an answer to it as
well. Also by defying such critical opinions and even bringing a 'crisis' to
criticism itself the minimalism affected the various trends of modern art
appearing afterwards, and modern ceramic art was not exempt from the grip of the
minimalist trend.
Since modern ceramic art witnessed clay revolution led by
Peter Voulkos at the end of 1950, it went through the successive stages of
abstract __EXPRESSION__ist pottery, constructivism and process art, avant-garde
conceptualization through installation works, sculptural and decorative
containers. It is now experimenting various production methods with diverse
materials other than clay, occupying the position of a unique art field not just
limited to the traditional industrial arts and crafts.
The minimalist
elements in the modern ceramic art can be recollected in line with this trend,
which could be defined as environmental nature, physical properties and
simplicity. The influence of minimalist elements upon the modern ceramic works
can be illustrated by the expansion of environmental structure inducing the
close interaction between the work, audience and surrounding environment, Peter
Voulkos' works using the physical properties of clay, the pieces with simple and
plain form, installation works making use of the nature of clay, and so on.
Though the ceramic art advanced rapidly since the emergence of abstract
__EXPRESSION__ist trend and has been influenced by other artistic trend as well, it
is hard to characterize it as minimalist art. Nevertheless, the characteristics
of the modern ceramic art suggest strongly that it is linked to value of
minimalism.
This study, therefore, tried to examine the significance and
characteristics of minimalism, focusing on the modern ceramic works that show
the minimalist characteristics since the clay revolution in the US.
¹Ì¼ú¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®ÁòÀº Å¥ºñÁò(Cubism)À¸·Î ´ëÇ¥µÇ´Â ¸ð´õ´ÏÁò ¹× Ãß»óÈ¸È ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´õ´ÏÁòÀ¸·Î º¯ÈµÇ´Â Çö´ë ¹Ì¼ú »çÁ¶ ¼Ó¿¡¼
¸®¾ó¸®Æ¼¸¦ ã´Â ÀÛ¾÷À¸·Î Ãâ¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®ÁòÀº »ç¹°ÀÇ º»¼º°ú ¿¹¼ú »çÀÌ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¿Ï°áÀû ¿¹¼ú ¼¼°è¸¦ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¸®¾ó¸®Æ¼·Î
Á¤ÀÇÇϸç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸®¾ó¸®Æ¼¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» µÎ °¡Áö °üÁ¡¿¡¼ Ãß±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Çϳª´Â ±× ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ °¡Áö´Â Àç·á ÇüÅ Á¦ÀÛ¹æ¹ý µîÀ» Æ÷°ýÇÏ´Â ÀÛÇ° ÀÚüÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ»
ÅëÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â ±×·¸°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁø ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ º¸¿©Áö´Â ´ë»óÀÎ °ü°´µé°úÀÇ Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀ̼ÇÀ̶ó´Â °üÁ¡À¸·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¼± ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö
¿¹¼ú¿¡¼´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Çö»óÀ» Á¸ÀçÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÖ´Â °¡Àå ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò¸¸À¸·Î ÇϳªÀÇ ¿¹¼ú¼¼°è¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿Ï°áÀû ¿¹¼ú¼¼°è¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ
¸Å°³¸¦ ã´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» ½ÃµµÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× ÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ °á°ú·Î ´ÜÀÏ»öÀ¸·Î Ä¥ÇØÁø ĵ¹ö½º, Àç·áÀÇ ¹°¼ºÀ» ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î µå·¯³½ Ä¿´Ù¶õ öÆÇ, ȤÀº ³ª¹«Å丷 µîÀÌ
ÇϳªÀÇ ¿Ï°áµÈ ¿¹¼ú¼¼°è·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿¹¼ú°¡ÀÇ °¢»öÀÌ ÃÖ¼ÒÈµÈ ¿¹¼ú¼¼°è¿¡¼´Â ÀÛÇ°°ú Çö½Ç»çÀÌÀÇ ±«¸®Àû ºÒÀÏÄ¡°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á
ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¸®¾ó¸®Æ¼°¡ ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù°í º¸¾Ò´Ù.
ÇÑÆí, ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®ÁòÀº ½Ã±âÀûÀ¸·Î °³³äÀû ¾ÆÆ®¿Í Æ˾ÆÆ®ÀÇ »çÀÌ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×°ÍÀÌ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ¸®¾ó¸®Æ¼¸¦
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÛÇ° ÀÚü¸¦ ³Ñ¾î ±×°Í°ú Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀÌ¼Ç ÇÏ´Â °ü°´µé°úÀÇ ÀÚ¹ßÀû »óÈ£±³·ù¸¦ À¯ÀÎÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´Þ¼ºÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÛ°¡°¡ º¸´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô
¾Ï½ÃÇØ ÁÖ´Â ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿òÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á º¸´Â »ç¶÷À¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ½º½º·ÎÀÇ ÈûÀ¸·Î ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÛÇ°¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ µ¶¸³Àû Á¸Àç °¡Ä¡¸¦ âÃâÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â
³ë·ÂÀÇ ÀÏȯÀ̾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µÎ °¡Áö ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®ÁòÀû ÁöÇâÁ¡Àº °á±¹ ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®ÁòÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ´Ü¼øÇÑ ÆÐÅÏÀÇ µ¿¾î ¹Ýº¹Àû Ç¥Çö, ±âÇÏÇÐÀû ÇüÅÂÀÇ »ç¿ë
°¨Á¤ ÀÌÀÔÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â ´Ü»öÀÇ »ç¿ë, °ü°´°úÀÇ Á¶¿ì¸¦ À¯µµÇϱâ À§ÇÑ È¯°æ¼º, Àç·á ÀÚü ¹°¼ºÀÇ ÀÌ¿ë µîÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ±Ùº»Àû µ¿ÀÎÀÌ
µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¹Ì´Ï¸Ö ¾ÆÆ®´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®Áò ÀÛ°¡µéÀÇ ÀÛÇ°°ú óÀ½¿¡ ½ÃµµµÇ¾ú´ø ÀÛÇ°µéÀÌ °°Àº Àǹ̷Πº¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ºñÆòÀû ½Ã°¢À¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿©
¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®Áò ±× ÀÚü°¡ ÇϳªÀÇ µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ »çÁ¶·Î ÀÚ¸®¸Å±èÇÏÁö´Â ¸øÇßÁö¸¸ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ÀÚ±âÇ¥ÇöÀ̳ª ÀÛÇ°¿¡ Àǹ̸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Æ÷±âÇÑ ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®Áò ÀÛ°¡µéÀÇ
½Ãµµ´Â ¹Ì¼úÀÚü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¦µµÀû Áú¹®À̸ç ȸȿ¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ À̳信 ´ëÇÑ µµÀüÀÌÀÚ ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ´äÀ̶ó°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®ÁòÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ
ºñÆòÀû ÀÌÇظ¦ ¹è°ÝÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ» ³Ñ¾î ºñÆÇ ÀÚü¸¦ ¡®À§±â¡¯·Î ¸ô¾Æ³ÖÀ½À¸·Î½á ÀÌÈÄ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¿©·¯ Çö´ë ¹Ì¼ú °æÇâ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ°í Çö´ë µµ¿¹ ¿ª½Ã
±×·¯ÇÑ ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®ÁòÀû ¿ä¼ÒÀÇ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀ¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
Çö´ë µµ¿¹´Â ±× ÀÚü·Î´Â 1950³â´ë ¸» ÇÇÅͺ¼Ä¿½º(Peter
Voulkos)¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î Á¡ÅäÇõ¸íÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ÀÌ·¡ Ãß»ó Ç¥ÇöÁÖÀÇ µµÀÚ, ±¸¼ºÁÖÀÇ¿Í ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ¿¹¼ú, ¼³Ä¡ÀÛ¾÷À» ÅëÇÑ ÀüÀ§ÀûÀÎ °³³äÈ, Á¶°¢ÀûÀÎ
¿ë±â, Àå½ÄÀû ¿ë±âÀÇ ¾ç½ÄÀ» °ÅÄ¡¸é¼ ÇöÀç´Â ¡®È롯À̶ó´Â ¸Åü¸¦ ¶°³ª »õ·Î¿î Àç·á, ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¦ÀÛ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ½ÃµµµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ °ø¿¹·Î ±¹ÇѵÈ
°ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ÇϳªÀÇ µ¶ÀÚÀûÀÎ ¿¹¼ú ºÐ¾ß·Î ÀÚ¸® Àâ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Çö´ë µµ¿¹¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®ÁòÀû ¿ä¼Ò ¿ª½Ã ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ ¼±»ó¿¡¼ ȸ°íµÉ ¼ö
Àִµ¥ ±×°ÍÀº Å©°Ô Çö´ë µµ¿¹ ÀÛÇ°¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ È¯°æ¼º, ¹°¼º, ´Ü¼ø¼ºÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ±ÔÁ¤Áö¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÛÇ°°ú °ü°´ ¹× ÁÖÀ§ ȯ°æ°úÀÇ ±ä¹ÐÇÑ
»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» À¯ÀÎÇϴ ȯ°æÀû ±¸Á¶·Î¼ÀÇ È®Àå ÇÇÅÍ º¼ÅͽºÀÇ Èë ÀÚüÀÇ ¹°¼ºÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ÀÛÇ° Á¦ÀÛ ÇüÅÂÀûÀÎ ¸é¿¡¼ °£°áÇÏ°í ´Ü¼øÇÑ Æ¯Â¡À» Áö´Ï´Â
ÀÛÇ°, ÈëÀÇ ¼ºÁúÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¼³Ä¡ ÀÛ¾÷ µîÀº Çö´ë µµ¿¹ ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀÌ ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®ÁòÀû ¿ä¼Ò¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Â°¡¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ÁÁÀº ½Ç·ÊÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ºñ·Ï µµÀÚ Áï, µµÁ¶ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀÌ Ãß»óÇ¥ÇöÁÖÀÇ ÀÌÈÄ·Î ±Þ¼Óµµ·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿´°í ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®Áò ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡µµ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ Çö´ë ¿¹¼ú»çÁ¶ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» º¹ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î
¹Þ¾Æ¿Ô±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¡®¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®Áò µµÀÚ¡¯¶ó°í Ư¡Áö¾î ºÐ·ùÇϱ⿡´Â ¾î·ÆÁö¸¸ ¾Õ¼ ¸»ÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°Àº Çö´ëµµ¿¹ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡Àº ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®ÁòÀû °¡Ä¡¿Í ±×
¸Æ¶ôÀÌ ´ê¾Æ ÀÖÀ½À» °·ÂÇÏ°Ô ¾Ï½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
µû¶ó¼ º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Á¡ÅäÇõ¸í ÀÌÈÄ ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®ÁòÀû Ư¼ºÀ» º¸ÀÌ´Â Çö´ë
µµ¿¹ ÀÛÇ°À» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ¹Ì´Ï¸Ö¸®ÁòÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í Æ¯Â¡À» °íÂûÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.